彩票大全软件

Microorganisms capable of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), or the conversion of nitrite and ammonium to dinitrogen, tend to aggregate and form a granular sludge in anammox reactors. This anammox granular sludge is a potential source of polysaccharides due to its richly diverse microbial community and abundant polymers. In this study, anammox polysaccharide (APS) was extracted from anammox granular sludge, and its potential to form hydrogels with alginate was investigated. The yield of APS was 9.91% ± 0.12%. The three main monosaccharides in APS were glucose (60.63% ± 3.45%), glucuronic acid (13.81% ± 0.31%), and rhamnose (18.88% ± 0.22%). The antioxidant potential of APS was evaluated through three antioxidant assays, which revealed significant antioxidant benefits at APS concentrations between 100 and 500 mg/L. Furthermore, L929 mouse fibroblasts exhibited high survival rates (>85%) under different APS concentrations (1–50 μg/mL), indicating the good biological compatibility of APS. A series of hydrogels were prepared by mixing alginate with APS in different ratios (10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4). The swelling ability of the prepared hydrogels in simulated gastric fluid varied between 1.4 and 2.0. In contrast, the swelling ability increased significantly to 10.37 ± 0.01 in simulated intestinal fluid when the ratio of alginate to APS in the hydrogel was 8:2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also used to analyse the functional groups and specific chemical bonds in the hydrogels. Subsequent loading experiments using bovine serum albumin (BSA) demonstrated that an alginate:APS ratio of 8:2 exhibited the highest loading efficiency for BSA, reaching 80.59% ± 1.46%. As the quantity of APS was increased, the release of BSA into simulated gastric fluid was effectively inhibited, with an alginate:APS ratio of 6:4 resulting in the lowest release amount (0.023% in dry state, 0.11% in wet state). Overall, this study highlights the derivation of a valuable resource from anammox sludge and offers insights into its potential applications in drug delivery.

中文翻译：

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厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥中多糖的表征及其在水凝胶制备中的潜在应用


能够厌氧氨氧化 （anammox） 或亚硝酸盐和铵转化为二氮的微生物往往会在厌氧氨氧化反应器中聚集并形成颗粒状污泥。这种厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥由于其丰富多样的微生物群落和丰富的聚合物而成为多糖的潜在来源。本研究从厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥中提取厌氧氨氧化多糖 （APS），并研究其与藻酸盐形成水凝胶的潜力。APS 的收率为 9.91% ± 0.12%。APS 中 3 种主要单糖为葡萄糖 （60.63% ± 3.45%） 、葡萄糖醛酸 （13.81% ± 0.31%） 和鼠李糖 （18.88% ± 0.22%）。通过三次抗氧化测定评估了 APS 的抗氧化潜力，结果显示 APS 浓度在 100 至 500 mg/L 之间时具有显着的抗氧化益处。此外，L929 小鼠成纤维细胞在不同 APS 浓度 （1–50 μg/mL） 下表现出高存活率 （>85%），表明 APS 具有良好的生物彩票大全软件相容性。通过将藻酸盐与不同比例 （10：0、9：1、8：2、7：3 和 6：4） 的藻酸盐与 APS 混合制备了一系列水凝胶。制备的水凝胶在模拟胃液中的溶胀能力在 1.4 和 2.0 之间变化。相比之下，当水凝胶中藻酸盐与 APS 的比例为 8：2 时，模拟肠液中的溶胀能力显着增加到 10.37 ± 0.01。X 射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱也用于分析水凝胶中的官能团和特定化彩票大全软件键。随后使用牛血清白蛋白 （BSA） 的负载实验表明，藻酸盐：APS 比例为 8：2 对 BSA 表现出最高的负载效率，达到 80.59% ± 1.46%。 随着 APS 量的增加，BSA 释放到模拟胃液中的释放受到有效抑制，藻酸盐：APS 比例为 6：4，导致最低的释放量（干态为 0.023%，湿态为 0.11%）。总体而言，本研究强调了从厌氧氨氧化污泥中提取的宝贵资源，并对其在药物输送中的潜在应用提供了见解。